Chapter 2 - Nutrition in Animals

Question 1:

Fill in the blanks:

(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are __________, __________, ___________, __________ and __________

(b) The largest gland in the human body is __________.

(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and ________ juices which act on food.

(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called __________.

(e) Amoeba digests its food in the __________.

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(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are __ingestion__, __digestion__, __absorption__, __assimilation__ and __egestion__.

(b) The largest gland in the human body is __liver__.

(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and __digestive__ juices which act on food.

(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called __villi__.

(e) Amoeba digests its food in the _food vacuole_.

Question 2:

Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

(a) Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (T/F)

(b) The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T/F)

(c) The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T/F)

(d) The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for some time. (T/F)

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(a) Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (F)

(b) The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T)

(c) The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T)

(d) The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for some time. (T)

Question 3:

Tick ( √) mark the correct answer in each of the following:

(a) Fat is completely digested in the

(i) stomach

(ii) mouth

(iii) small intestine

(iv) large intestine

(b) Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the

(i) stomach

(ii) food pipe

(iii) small intestine

(iv) large intestine

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(a) Fat is completely digested in the

(i) stomach

(ii) mouth

(iii) small intestine √

(iv) large intestine

(b) Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the

(i) stomach

(ii) food pipe

(iii) small intestine

(iv) large intestine √

Question 4:

Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:

Column I	Column II
Food components	Product(s) of digestion
Carbohydrates	Fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins	Sugar
Fats	Amino acids

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Column I	Column II
Food components	Product(s) of digestion
Carbohydrates	Sugar
Proteins	Amino acids
Fats	Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5:

What are villi? What is their location and function?

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Villi are tiny finger-like projections originating from the walls of the small intestine. They increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food. The blood vessels present inside the villi can absorb the nutrients from the digested food.

Structure of a villus

Question 6:

Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?

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Liversecretes the bile juice which is stored in the gall bladder. Bile plays an important role in the digestion of fats.

Question 7:

Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the reason also.

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Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants and not by humans. Ruminants have a large sac-like structure between small and large intestine where the food containing cellulose is digested by the action of certain bacteria. On the other hand, humans cannot digest cellulose, as the cellulose digesting enzymes are absent in them.

Question 8:

Why do we get instant energy from glucose?

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Glucose is a simple sugar. Carbohydrates, when consumed, have to be digested into glucose. As glucose can be easily absorbed in blood, it provides energy to the body. Hence, when glucose is directly taken, it does not have to be digested and thus acts as an instant source of energy.

Question 9:

Which part of the digestive canal is involved in:

(i) absorption of food ____.

(ii) chewing of food ____.

(iii) killing of bacteria ____.

(iv) complete digestion of food ____.

(v) formation of faeces ____.

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(i) absorption of food __small intestine__

(ii) chewing of food __buccal cavity__

(iii) killing of bacteria __stomach__

(iv) complete digestion of food __small intestine__

(v) formation of faeces __large intestine__

Question 10:

Write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in Amoeba and human beings.

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Similarity between nutrition in Amoeba and human beings:

Both Amoeba and humans require energy for the growth and maintenance of their bodies. This energy is derived from the food that they eat. The food that they consume is always in a complex form and is therefore broken down into simpler forms by the process of digestion. Hence, both these organisms are heterotrophs.

Differences between nutrition in Amoeba and human beings:

	Digestion in Humans		Digestion in Amoeba
(i)	Humans have a mouth and a complex digestive system.	(i)	Mouth and digestive system are absent in Amoeba.
(ii)	Digestive juices are secreted in the buccal cavity, stomach, and small intestine.	(ii)	Digestive juices are secreted in the food vacuole.
(iii)	Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats starts in separate regions.	(iii)	All the food components are digested in the food vacuole.

Question 11:

Match the items of Column I with suitable items in Column II

-	Column I	-	Column II
(a)	Salivary gland	(i)	Bile juice secretion
(b)	Stomach	(ii)	Storage of undigested food
(c)	Liver	(iii)	Saliva secretion
(d)	Rectum	(iv)	Acid release
(e)	Small intestine	(v)	Digestion is completed
(f)	Large intestine	(vi)	Absorption of water
-	-	(vii)	Release of faeces

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-	Column I	-	Column II
(a)	Salivary gland	(iii)	Saliva secretion
(b)	Stomach	(iv)	Acid release
(c)	Liver	(i)	Bile juice secretion
(d)	Rectum	(ii)	Storage of undigested food
(e)	Small intestine	(v)	Digestion is completed
(f)	Large intestine	(vi)	Absorption of water

Question 12:

Label the following figure of the digestive system.

A part of human digestive system

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Question 13:

Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass? Discuss.

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No.Humans cannot survive only on raw, leafy vegetables, or grass. It is because the grass is rich in cellulose, which is a type of carbohydrate that humans are not able to digest due to the absence of cellulose-digesting enzymes.